Facial cleansing

Facial cleansing by skin type: how to find your perfect skincare routine

The skin on the face is significantly thinner and more sensitive than on the rest of the body, which is why it is particularly important to cleanse your face properly. In fact, over 90,000 dermatologists worldwide recommend specific cleansing products that are tailored to different skin types.

Thorough cleansing should be carried out both morning and evening to effectively remove dirt, excess oil and make-up residue. The choice of mild facial cleanser plays a decisive role here, as the best facial cleanser is the one that best suits the individual skin type. The right cleansing routine not only supports skin regeneration, but also optimally prepares the skin for subsequent skincare products.

In this guide, readers will learn how to determine their skin type and find the perfect skincare routine for their individual needs.

Determine your skin type correctly

Determining your own skin type is the foundation for effective facial cleansing. Firstly, the basic characteristics of the different skin types should be understood in order to be able to categorise them accurately.

The four basic skin types at a glance

Normal skin is considered the dermatological ideal with an even complexion and fine pores. This skin shows no redness or impurities and has optimal blood circulation and good regenerative capacity. It is also highly resistant to environmental influences.

Dry skin, on the other hand, is characterised by a lack of the skin's own lipids and a reduced ability to retain moisture. Genetic factors often play a decisive role here. Environmental influences, hormonal changes and personal lifestyle can also exacerbate dryness.

Oily skin is characterised by increased activity of the sebaceous glands, resulting in increased sebum production. It is characterised by enlarged pores and an oily sheen. However, oily skin ages more slowly and is less prone to wrinkling.

Combination skin is a speciality as it combines characteristics of different skin types. Typically, the T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) shows increased sebum production, while the cheek areas tend to be drier.

Simple tests for self-assessment

To determine your own skin type, it is recommended that you first thoroughly cleanse your face with a mild cleanser. You should then wait for about an hour to allow the skin to return to its natural state.

During this time, the following observations can be made:

• Visual inspection of the skin surface for shiny, dry or reddened areas

• Tactile examination of the skin texture with the fingertips

• Observation of skin reaction to different temperatures and humidity conditions

When you should consult a dermatologist

Although an initial self-assessment can be helpful, there are situations where professional help is advisable. In particular, if the skin shows additional characteristics such as sensitivity or blemishes, a dermatologist should be consulted.

Dermatologists have special analysers such as:

• Corneometers for precise measurement of skin hydration

• Photometric analysis systems to determine pigmentation and redness

• Facial scanners to detect wrinkles and skin imperfections

This professional skin analysis enables the exact condition of the skin to be determined and helps to recommend suitable skincare products and treatments. Dermatologists can also take into account hormonal or genetic factors that influence skin type.

Mild facial cleansing for dry and sensitive skin

Dry and sensitive skin requires special attention when it comes to daily facial cleansing. A gentle cleansing routine forms the basis for a healthy complexion and prevents additional irritation.

Recognising the typical signs of dry skin

Dry skin is characterised by signs such as a feeling of tightness and a rough, flaky texture. Redness, itching and fine lines or cracks may also appear. A grey, pale skin colour is particularly noticeable, which indicates a lack of moisture and lipids.

Women are more frequently affected by dry skin due to their smaller sebaceous glands. They produce around a third less protective skin oil than men. In addition, the skin's ability to moisturise itself decreases with age.

The best cleansing products without drying ingredients

When choosing a mild facial cleanser, certain ingredients should be avoided. Alcohol derivatives such as alcohol denat or isopropyl alcohol in particular impair the natural hydrolipidic film and lead to increased dryness. Synthetic fragrances, salicylic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) are also problematic, as they can further weaken the skin barrier.

Instead, we recommend cleansing products with:

• Glycerin and hyaluronic acid for intensive moisturisation

• Probiotic extracts to support the skin microbiome

• Thermal water for a soothing effect

Rich textures such as cleansing milk or lotion are particularly suitable. These formulations compensate for the lack of the skin's own lipids and supply the skin with essential nutrients during cleansing.

Optimal cleansing technique for maximum protection

The frequency of facial cleansing should be limited to what is necessary for dry skin. In the morning, cleansing with lukewarm water is often sufficient, while a mild cleansing product should be used in the evening.

Care should be taken during the cleansing process:

• Use gentle, circular movements without applying pressure

• Use lukewarm water instead of hot water

• Avoid aggressive exfoliants

• After cleansing, immediately follow up with a moisturising skin care product

In addition, sufficient hydration of two to three litres of water a day supports skin hydration from within. However, coffee and alcohol should be avoided, as these also remove moisture from the body.

A consistent but gentle cleansing routine helps to strengthen the skin barrier and reduce dryness in the long term. The following principle applies: as little as possible, as often as necessary. With the right combination of mild cleansing products and gentle application techniques, even sensitive skin can be optimally cared for.

Effective cleansing routine for oily and blemished skin

Oily skin presents many people with particular challenges when it comes to daily facial care. However, a targeted cleansing routine can help to regulate excess sebum and improve the skin's appearance in the long term.

Understanding the causes of excessive sebum production

Increased sebum production is caused by various factors. Basically, the sebaceous glands produce a secretion of fat, protein, cholesterol and electrolytes. These glands are particularly active in the T-zone, consisting of the forehead, nose and chin, where there is a particularly high concentration of sebaceous glands.

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role here. In addition, hormonal changes - such as during puberty or the female menstrual cycle - can influence sebum production. Around 20-30% of adolescents develop oily skin during puberty.

Interestingly, oily skin also has advantages: it develops wrinkles later and stays firm for longer. However, for many of those affected, the disadvantages such as clogged pores and a shiny complexion outweigh the benefits.

Facial cleanser with balancing active ingredients

When choosing a facial cleanser, special attention should be paid to certain ingredients. These are particularly effective:

• Oil-free lotions that quickly and thoroughly remove dirt, dust and make-up

• Products with glycolic and salicylic acid, which have an antibacterial effect and open clogged pores

• Cleansing gels with moisturising active ingredients that also have a gentle effect against skin impurities

Active ingredients such as niacinamide and zinc PCA have also proven their worth. These have been proven to regulate sebum production and refine the pores at the same time.

Frequency of cleansing without irritating the skin

A balanced cleansing frequency is crucial. Although oily skin tends to produce more sebum, cleansing should not be overdone. The skin should be cleansed a maximum of twice a day. Otherwise, excessive cleansing can have the opposite effect and stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce even more sebum.

The following procedure is recommended for optimal cleansing:

1. Gently massage the face for 1-3 minutes

2. Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water

3. Follow with an alcohol-free facial toner or thermal water

A mild, anti-inflammatory peeling with a gel texture is suitable for deep cleansing. However, this should not be used too frequently so as not to additionally stimulate sebum production.

It is also particularly important to moisturise properly after cleansing. Contrary to popular belief, oily skin also needs sufficient moisture. Otherwise, a lack of moisture can lead to increased sebum production. However, only non-comedogenic products that do not clog the pores should be used.

The right care for combination skin

Combination skin poses a particular challenge when it comes to daily facial cleansing as it has two different skin types at the same time. This combination requires a balanced and well thought-out skincare routine.

The challenge of the T-zone

The T-zone, consisting of the forehead, nose and chin, has a significantly increased number of sebaceous glands in combination skin. This increased sebum production leads to typical characteristics such as

• Enlarged pores and an oily sheen

• Increased tendency to blemishes and blackheads

• Bacterial colonisation due to excessive sebum production

It is particularly noteworthy that the T-zone is most exposed to daily environmental influences. In addition, hormonal fluctuations and incorrect skin care can also increase sebum production.

While the T-zone tends to be oily, the cheek areas often show the opposite characteristics. These areas are often normal to dry and can show feelings of tension, redness and irritation. This double burden makes the care of combination skin particularly challenging.

Use zonal cleansing

Due to the different skin conditions, a zonal cleansing strategy is recommended. In the morning and evening, a mild, pH-neutral facial cleanser should be used first to remove dirt, excess sebum and make-up. This should be followed by an alcohol-free toner to balance the skin's pH value.

The following specific measures are recommended for the T-zone:

• Use of a mattifying toner for a particularly oily T-zone

• Regular use of gentle peelings with salicylic acid

• Concentrate the cleansing massage on the oily areas

A common mistake when caring for combination skin is to use overly aggressive cleansing products. However, these can have a counterproductive effect as the skin compensates for the lack of sebum by increasing its production. Instead, balanced products should be used that both moisturise and provide a mattifying effect for the T-zone.

The use of different masks for different areas of the face is particularly effective. While the dry areas benefit from rich masks, cleansing variants are suitable for the T-zone. This zonal treatment enables the different areas of the skin to be optimally moisturised.

Choosing the right skincare products also plays a decisive role. Water-in-oil emulsions have proven to be particularly suitable as they are quickly absorbed and leave no additional greasy film. The products should also have the following properties:

• Non-comedogenic to avoid clogged pores

• Balancing effect for both skin types

• Light textures that are quickly absorbed

Another important aspect is adapting the skincare routine to the seasons. In winter, the skin needs more moisturising and less cleansing, while in summer, lighter textures and more thorough cleansing are appropriate. This seasonal adaptation contributes significantly to the success of your skincare routine.

Seasonal adaptation of your facial cleansing

The seasons have a significant impact on our skin, which is why it is essential to adapt your facial cleansing routine seasonally. Each season places different demands on our skincare, and adapting our cleansing routine can help keep our skin healthy and radiant all year round.

Winter skincare: more moisturising, less cleansing

In winter, the skin is particularly stressed. Cold temperatures, dry heating air and the constant change between warm and cold are hard on the skin. In fact, when it is cold, our body concentrates on the blood supply to vital organs and neglects the epidermis. This leads to slower sebum production, which impairs the protective hydrolipid film.

To counteract this, we recommend the following winter skincare regime:

1. Reducing the frequency of cleansing: in the morning, cleansing with lukewarm water is often sufficient, while a mild cleansing product should be used in the evening.

2. Use rich textures: Cleansing milk or lotion are ideal as they compensate for the skin's own lack of lipids.

3. Use moisturising ingredients: Products with glycerine, hyaluronic acid or probiotic extracts support the skin's moisture supply.

4. Adjusting the water temperature: When washing, the temperature should be lowered to 32°C to 34°C to avoid additional dehydration.

5. Immediate aftercare: A moisturising skin care product should be applied immediately after cleansing.

It is also advisable to avoid aggressive exfoliants and instead use gentle, circular movements when cleansing. Sufficient hydration of two to three litres of water a day also supports skin hydration from within.

Summer skincare: light textures and more thorough cleansing

As temperatures rise, our skin's skincare needs also change. In summer, the skin produces more sebum and sweat, which can lead to clogged pores and impurities. At the same time, the skin is increasingly exposed to UV rays, which can lead to dehydration and premature skin ageing.

The following measures are recommended for optimal summer skincare:

1. More frequent cleansing: In summer, skin should be cleansed twice a day to remove excess sebum, sweat and sunscreen residue.

2. Light textures: Gel textures or light cleansing foams are particularly suitable as they feel refreshing and do not put any additional strain on the skin.

3. Double cleansing: The so-called "double cleanse" method is particularly effective in summer. This involves first removing make-up with a micellar water, followed by thorough cleansing with a cleansing gel.

4. Use ingredients such as aloe vera or jojoba: These active ingredients revitalise and refresh the skin in summer.

5. Use of facial care sprays: These can provide a freshness boost between uses and fit perfectly into any handbag.

Sun protection is particularly important in summer. Studies show that UV radiation weakens the skin's protective barrier and leads to increased moisture loss. Sun protection with a high sun protection factor (at least SPF 50) should therefore be an integral part of your daily skincare routine.

Mastering transitional phases

The transitional periods between the seasons pose a particular challenge for our skin. In spring and autumn, the skin has to adapt to changing temperatures and humidity. These phases require a flexible and attentive skincare routine.

The following strategies are recommended for successful transitional skincare:

1. Gradual adaptation: start by adding to your existing routine rather than changing it completely. For example, you can start by using a richer cream in the evening and use it later in the morning.

2. Using transition oils: Light oils such as squalane, argan or jojoba oil are ideal for the transition period. They can be used for both facial and hair care.

3. Using face masks: Cloth masks are particularly effective in the transition between seasons. They provide intensive care and freshness.

4. Observe your skin's reaction: Pay particular attention to your skin's needs during the transitional periods and adapt your skincare regime accordingly.

5. Adjust the intensity of cleansing: During the transitional months, gentle cleansing with a mild enzyme peel can help to remove dead skin cells and prepare the skin for the new season.

It is important to note that the basic structure of the skin does not change throughout the year. What changes are its needs due to external influences such as wind, weather, temperature and humidity. It is therefore crucial to monitor the skin closely and adapt your skincare regime accordingly.

To summarise, seasonal adaptation of facial cleansing is crucial for healthy, radiant skin. By adapting our skincare routine to the changing needs of our skin, we can avoid dryness, excess sebum production and irritation. Flexible and conscious skincare ensures that the skin remains optimally moisturised all year round.

Conclusion

Personalised facial cleansing forms the basis for healthy, radiant skin. In fact, scientific studies show that the right cleansing routine contributes significantly to skin health.

The first step is always to precisely determine your own skin type. This is followed by the selection of suitable products that are tailored to both the skin type and the respective season. The adaptability of the skincare routine seems particularly important - after all, the skin's needs change significantly over the course of the year.

Ultimately, the time and effort invested in developing a customised cleansing routine pays off. Consistent but gentle skincare supports the skin's natural functions and ensures a healthy, balanced complexion - regardless of individual skin type.

FAQs

Q1. How often should I cleanse my face? The optimal frequency depends on your skin type. It is generally recommended to cleanse your face twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. For dry skin, cleansing with lukewarm water in the morning may be sufficient. It is important not to overstimulate the skin.

Q2. Which products are best for cleansing the face? The choice of cleansing product should be tailored to your skin type. Mild cleansing milks or lotions are suitable for dry skin, while oily skin benefits from cleansing gels. Look out for pH-neutral products without aggressive ingredients.

Q3. How do I adapt my facial cleanser to the seasons? In winter, the skin needs more moisturising and gentler cleansing. In summer, on the other hand, more frequent and thorough cleansing may be necessary to remove excess sebum and sweat. Adapt your products and routine accordingly.

Q4. What should I do after cleansing my face?
After cleansing, it is important to moisturise the skin. Firstly, use a toner to balance the pH. Then apply a moisturiser that suits your skin type. During the day, you should also use a sunscreen to protect your skin from UV damage.

Q5. How do I recognise my skin type for the right cleanser? Observe your skin after cleansing. Normal skin feels neither oily nor dry. Dry skin is tight, oily skin quickly becomes shiny again. With combination skin, the T-zone is oily, while the cheeks are normal to dry. If in doubt, a professional skin analysis by a dermatologist can help.